However, with the rapid evolution of modern communication systems, the sizes of these resonators are still not small enough to be used. Starting from the conventional parallel coupled band-pass filter which has a simple synthesis procedure, and ending with U-shape resonators and open loops, hairpin filters has helped progress in size reduction. To minimize the filter size, a practical strategy is to reduce the resonator circuit by modifying its physical structures. As the electromagnetic spectrum is limited and has to be shared, small sized band-pass filters with narrow frequency response and high selectivity are used to confine the signals within assigned spectral limits and to reject the noise and interferences from adjacent channels. In recent years, emerging applications have continued to challenge radio frequency (RF)/microwave filters’ designers with stringent simultaneous requirements such as high performance, light weight, low cost and miniaturization.
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June 2023
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